See foundational on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "antifoundational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundational belief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Foundational Black American"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationalist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationalistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundational witness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nonfoundational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "postfoundational"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dʰewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewbʰ-"
],
[
"*-mḗn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mḗn"
],
[
"*bʰudʰmḗn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰudʰmḗn"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*fundos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fundos"
],
[
"fundus",
"fundus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"fundō",
"fundo#Latin:_fundus"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"fundātiō",
"fundatio#Latin"
],
[
"fondacion",
"fondacion#Old_French"
],
[
"fondation",
"fondation#Middle_French"
],
[
"fundātiō",
"fundatio#Latin"
],
[
"fundacioun",
"fundacioun#Middle_English"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation#English"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Old_French:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival_suffix"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "foundation",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fundus\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bottom, lowest point\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰundʰós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰudʰnós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰewbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mḗn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰudʰmḗn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fundos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundō\", \"gloss\" : \"found, establish\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"fondacion\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"fondation\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":af\", \"3\" : \"fundō<t:found, establish><id:fundus>\", \"4\" : \"-tiō\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"title\" : \"fundātiō\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundātiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fundacioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foundation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foundational\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"foundational\">\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "foundation",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more foundational",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most foundational",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foundational (comparative more foundational, superlative most foundational)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to a foundation or foundations."
],
"id": "en-foundational-en-adj-kE9ugPuh",
"links": [
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival suffix)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
74
]
],
"ref": "2020 June 2, David S. Cohen, “Donald Trump Is Trying to Start a Race War”, in Rolling Stone, archived from the original on 03 Jun 2020:",
"text": "Racism courses through Donald Trump’s blood and is one of the foundational principles of his presidency. Which is why, when faced with one of the greatest uprisings against police brutality this nation has seen, a movement led by black people around the country and joined by all other people of color and white people as well, his only policy solution is to start a race war.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fundamental or underlying."
],
"id": "en-foundational-en-adj-qyyo2~DS",
"links": [
[
"Fundamental",
"fundamental#English"
],
[
"underlying",
"underlying"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foundational.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃənəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foundationary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "groundlaying"
}
],
"word": "foundational"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰudʰmḗn",
"English terms suffixed with -al (adjectival suffix)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃənəl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃənəl/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antifoundational"
},
{
"word": "foundational belief"
},
{
"word": "Foundational Black American"
},
{
"word": "foundationalism"
},
{
"word": "foundationalist"
},
{
"word": "foundationalistic"
},
{
"word": "foundationality"
},
{
"word": "foundationally"
},
{
"word": "foundational witness"
},
{
"word": "nonfoundational"
},
{
"word": "postfoundational"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dʰewbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewbʰ-"
],
[
"*-mḗn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mḗn"
],
[
"*bʰudʰmḗn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰudʰmḗn"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*fundos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fundos"
],
[
"fundus",
"fundus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"fundō",
"fundo#Latin:_fundus"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"fundātiō",
"fundatio#Latin"
],
[
"fondacion",
"fondacion#Old_French"
],
[
"fondation",
"fondation#Middle_French"
],
[
"fundātiō",
"fundatio#Latin"
],
[
"fundacioun",
"fundacioun#Middle_English"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation#English"
],
[
"*h₂el-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_grow"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-is"
],
[
"*-ālis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ālis"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Old_French:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_French:_adjective"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin:_adjectivizing_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#Middle_English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation#English"
],
[
"-al",
"-al#English:_adjectival_suffix"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "foundation",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"fundus\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bottom, lowest point\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰundʰós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰudʰnós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰewbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mḗn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰudʰmḗn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fundos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundō\", \"gloss\" : \"found, establish\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"fondacion\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"fondation\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":af\", \"3\" : \"fundō<t:found, establish><id:fundus>\", \"4\" : \"-tiō\", \"text\" : \"+\", \"title\" : \"fundātiō\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fundātiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fundacioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foundation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foundational\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"foundational\">\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "foundation",
"4": "-al<id:adjectival suffix>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-?\nProto-Indo-European *-mḗn\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰundʰós\nProto-Italic *fundos\nLatin fundus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin fundō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nOld French fondacion\nMiddle French fondationbor.\n▲\nLatin fundātiōbor.\nMiddle English fundacioun\nEnglish foundation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālislbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish foundational\nFrom foundation + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more foundational",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most foundational",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foundational (comparative more foundational, superlative most foundational)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to a foundation or foundations."
],
"links": [
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
74
]
],
"ref": "2020 June 2, David S. Cohen, “Donald Trump Is Trying to Start a Race War”, in Rolling Stone, archived from the original on 03 Jun 2020:",
"text": "Racism courses through Donald Trump’s blood and is one of the foundational principles of his presidency. Which is why, when faced with one of the greatest uprisings against police brutality this nation has seen, a movement led by black people around the country and joined by all other people of color and white people as well, his only policy solution is to start a race war.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fundamental or underlying."
],
"links": [
[
"Fundamental",
"fundamental#English"
],
[
"underlying",
"underlying"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃə.nəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foundational.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foundational.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃənəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "foundationary"
},
{
"word": "groundlaying"
}
],
"word": "foundational"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foundational meaning in All languages combined (16.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.